The article is about a way to control and help heroin addict is Australia. A medicine called Methadone is created to intensify the effects of heroin. David Marx, a student of Melbourne University began to injecting Methadone to undertake his escalating habit such as committing armed robberies to fund his drug supplies. In Australia, there are 23000 other heroin addicts depend on Methadone to overcome the habit. However, like heroin, when Methadone injected, users may suffer severe withdrawal symptoms like fever, depression, cramps and headache. Overdosing on Methadone can be fatal. Adding to the risks is a dangerous new trend: Methadone injection. This article is written to heroin addicts and methadone prescribers. It is good information to prevent new heroin users from injecting heroin into them continuously which could bring a lot of negative consequences.

In this very chapter, I learned about how to detect and use to distinguish good arguments from bad ones. This chapter call the Basic Logical Concepts. In this chapter, basically it is about deduction and induction usage. Deductive arguments try to prove their conclusions with rigorous, inescapable logic while Inductive arguments try to show that their conclusions are plausible or likely or probable given the premise(s). But how to tell whether an argument is a deductive or inductive? There are four tests to simplify the task of determining whether it is deductive or inductive which is the indicator word test, the strict necessity test, the common pattern test and the principle of charity test. However, there is exceptions to the Strict Necessity test. There is about hypothetical Syllogism is simple a three line argument which consists of exactly two premises and a conclusion. There are lots more of concepts definition in this chapter learned in order to distinguish good arguments from bad ones.

In this section, an article called “Body Language Speaks to Muggers” is informing and explaining about how muggers read their prey’s movement in order to select right victim to be assault. This article focuses on a study by two New York psychologists about “muggability” on New York City pedestrians. They run the research by secretly taped people walking in Manhattan’s garment district. They also asked a group of 12 prisoners who had been convicted of assault on person unknown to them to give comment on how muggable each of the people seemed. To present statistics, the psychologists came out with 10-point scale rating of “assault potential”.

The rating consist from point 1 - easy rip-off, 2 – easy dude to corner and 9, 10 – Too heavy which they avoid to assault. Both psychologist had explained the scale to 53 other muggers and asked them to rate each people on the tape. As a result, the received unsurprisingly finding.

Critically thinking, I’d say this article written to uncover muggers’ tactics how they pick their victims to be assault. If the muggers clever enough and read this article, they might change their skills on assault new victims. Who knows?

In this reading passage, I learn about statistic. Statistic refers to information about any phenomenon or activity presented in numerical form such as vital statistics and poll percentages. In singular sense, it stands for the art and science of collecting, presenting, analysing and interpreting numerical data. In other words, it’s a tool to make the maximum use of quantitative measurement and assessments. Example mentioned, government has to make much use of statistical analysis to know the quantitative aspects of the social, economic and physical conditions of the country. In business field, businessmen depend on statistics in their prediction of sales and cost, quality control, production and marketing researches and their quantitative personnel records.

Despite the positive side of statistics, there’s disadvantage when the useful statistic is misused. For instance, the advertisements abound with misleading statistical statements and reports. Such misused statistics are dangerous.

To conclude, statistics is important in order to present proof about a study or research. Thus, misleading statistics are dangerous which could bring false information.

In this chapter, it is focuses on what does evidence means. In my opinion, evidence means information that gives reason for believing something or in other word proof. Everything which happened definitely has its own reason. In this chapter mentioned about a kidnapping case where the kidnapper asks for $50,000 and in order to solve this crime, evidence is needed. The author discussed some of the problems of evidence in this chapter. In order to seek truth, it must be content with high probability and not demand absolute certainty. According to this chapter, the probabilities depend upon the evidence that is available. The author also mentioned, we must be critical-minded and never forget to ask the question “What is the evidence?”

After understanding this chapter, I’d say that everything’s happen with reason and the reason leave evidence. So, in critical literacy, evidence plays an important role in order to state proof and reason when cover a critical review.